2017广东高考作文分析
来源:记忆力训练 发布时间:2012-08-14 点击:
2017广东高考作文分析篇一
广东专用-2017高考英语作文范文背诵
2017高考英语作文范文背诵
一、如何提建议—— 给交友有困难的同学提建议
I am sorry you are having trouble in making friends.
【引出建议】Here are some tips to help you.
【列举建议】First, why not go and talk to people standing on their own. I agree this is difficult but that person may be lonely too. If you do this, I am sure you will soon have a new friend. Second, you can begin the conversation by asking about their likes and dislikes,【理由】which will make you find people with the same interests. Finally, you should try to join in a discussion, 【理由】letting people know how friendly you are. I hope you will find these ideas useful.
二、列举个例 —— 良好饮食习惯
As we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore, it’s important for us to form healthy eating habits. However, some students have formed a variety of bad eating habits, such as not having breakfast, loving eating snacks, being particular about food, eating and drinking too much and so on, which will surely do harm to their health. To keep healthy, we should have healthy diets. Not only should we have various foods, like fish, meat, vegetables, fruits as well as rice, noodles, but also we should have the foods regularly and properly. Personally, I think it is important to keep a healthy diet, which contributes to building up a strong body. Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.
三、举例说明 —— 和谐师生关系对你的影响
【要证明的观点】Actually, having a good relationship with teachers makes it easier for us to get along smoothly with our study at school. 【引出例子】Take me for example. 【例子】My teacher is my good friend. When I fail in the exam, it is my teacher that first helps m to analyze the problem. She is patient enough to make me get over all the difficulties in my study. When I am unhappy she always listens to me carefully and then gives me some reasonable suggestions, so that I can focus on my study soon. Also, I have learned to be helpful and considerate.
【重申主题】But for(要不是) the good relationship with my teachers, I could not have made such progress. 套语背诵
1.There is no denying that confidence plays an important role in our life.
A convincing example that jumps into my mind is about speaking English.
2.Such example can be seen easily in our daily life. A good case in point is …
这样的例子在生活中很容易见到,一个很好的例子就是……
四、讨论或辩论 —— 禁止乞丐在地下人行道行气留宿
【引出主题】Recently, Guangzhou has passed a law to ban beggars from begging and sleeping in the subways and our class had a discussion about it last Monday.
【反对及其理由】56% of the students don’t agree with the idea because they think some beggars really have difficulty in making a living and have to play music in the subway to survive.
【赞成及其理由】However, 44% of the students favour the idea because they think beggars bring a lot of trouble for the city. What’s more, some beggars are just taking advantage of people’s compassion to make easy money.
【个人看法】Personally, I think it is a good idea to forbid beggars in public places and we should take some measures to help them.
五、利弊对比 —— 网购的利弊
【点明主题】Nowadays many people prefer to shop on line. 【罗列益处】
Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First, it’s convenient for us to shop on line. Secondly, it helps save much time, with which we can do more other important things. 【罗列弊端】But just as the saying goes, every coin has two sides. Its negative aspects are also apparent. One of the disadvantages is that we are not sure whether the goods we buy are in good quality. 【你的观点】Through the above analysis, I believe that positive aspects of shopping on line for outweigh negative ones. Therefore, I would like to shop on line.
六、采访类 —— 中学生英语单词拼写的问题
Last Wednesday, I had an interview with Mr Wang, an English teacher, concerning the issue of English word spelling among middle school students. According to Mr Wang, slightly more than half of the senior middle school students’ English handwriting is very poor and about 45% of them can not spell words correctly although they are able to speak. He also pointed out that the causes for spelling problems are that there are no specific word spelling checks in exams, and there is not enough training. Worse still, the students are lazy to memorize word spelling. He suggested that we should raise the awareness and place great emphasis on that, and above all, we should master skills while we are training ourselves.
七、调查类—— 21世纪最令人担忧的问题
Last week, we made/did a survey among 500 Senior Two students about the most worrying problems in the 21st century. The survey shows that 32% of the students think that they worry about the natural disasters(自然灾害)most, for earthquakes and floods have taken many people’s lives. Besides, 29% of the students hold the opinion that environmental pollution(环境污染)is the most worrying problem while 17% of the students consider the housing problem(住房问题)to be the most worrying one. The percentage of the students who worry most about employment(就业问题) is the same as that of the students who worry most about food safety(食品安全). As for myself, food safety is the most worrying problem because it is linked closely to our health.
八、心得体会 —— 诚实/ 勿以善小而不为
1. After reading the story, I am so touched by Alan, whose behavior is worth praising. There is no doubt that honesty still plays a very important role in people’s life and only those who are honest will be trusted and respected by people. (诚实)
3.After reading the story, I was lost in thought. I came to realize that people should never ignore the deed of small kindness. Your small good deeds sometimes will get big returns or make a great difference! (勿以善小而不为)
九、记叙事件经过或过程 —— 日记或游记
【总述】Today we visited Qinghua University.
【过程】 Early in the morning we arrived at the gate of Qinghua University, where we were warmly welcomed by an old professor, who then showed us around the campus. In the library, we saw some university students reading attentively in the reading rooms. After that, we came to the lab building. At the end of the visit, the old professor gave us a lecture on science in the afternoon, which interested us very much. Time passed so quickly that before we knew it, it was time that we had to say goodbye to the professor.
【结果】Since then, I have worked harder at my lessons than usual and made up my mind to be a student of Qinghua University.
十、人物简介 ——用英语简介李敏同学
【姓名职务与特点】 Li Min, monitor of Class 1 Grade 2 (同位语), is healthy and lively. 【成绩与爱好】 She does well in all her subjects, and she is fond of sports, singing and dancing. 【事迹】 When she came to school, she had much difficulty with English, but through hard work she made great progress. In 2006 she took part in the National Physics Olympic Competition and won the first prize. Li Min is very strict with herself in her work and daily life, and is always ready to help others.
相关短语:
1. be admitted into a key university 考上重点大学
2. major in law主修法律
3. get a master’s degree 获得硕士学位
4. graduate from Harvard University 毕业于哈佛大学
5. win the first prize 获得一等奖
6. win a gold medal 赢得一枚金牌
7. become a world champion 成为世界冠军
8. set a good example to us 给我们树立了良好的榜样
9. be highly thought of 受到好评
10.be awarded a medal for 因……而获得奖章
11.be awarded the title of 获得…称号
12.devote ...to ... 把…专用于/奉献给
13. born of a poor clerk ’s family 出生在一个贫困的小职员家庭中
十一、假设处境 —— 假如你当时在场,你会怎样做?
If I had been on the spot, I would have jumped into the river to rescue the child on the condition that I could swim. If not, I would have first called the police and then persuaded the people on the boat and the swimmers nearby to help. (湖北大学生为救溺水小孩死三人事件)
十二、说明异同 —— 古典音乐与流行音乐的异同
【同】From the point of many people, there are many similarities between classical music and pop music. Both of them can make people relax and enjoy life as well. 【异】 However, the differences are also obvious. Classical music can remind them of the sweet memories in the past. Besides, classical music, which was made by the famous musicians like Beethoven is in high class and can last long, while the words of pop music are often concerned with modern life, even true love between friends or lovers. What’s more, pop music is easy to sing. 十三、图表作文
1. 【总述现象】 From the chart, we can see clearly that there has been a sharp rise in the average income of Chinese farmers in the past 30 years. (从上表可以清楚地看出, 在最近30年里中国农民的人均收入急剧上升。)
2.【数据变化】 As early as 1978, the average income of Chinese farmers was only 193 yuan . Then only 16 years later, it increased to 2181.52 yuan. And by 2010, the average income of Chinese farmers had reached 7890 yuan, which was 40 times as much as 30 years ago.
3.【解释原因】There are many reasons accounting for this change. Firstly ... Secondly ... Finally ...
有许多原因可以解释这种变化。第一……第二……最后……
4. 【阐述观点】 As far as I’m concerned, I firmly support the policy of reform and opening up, which is the exact way to make China powerful.
(就我来说, 我坚决支持改革开放政策, 改革开放是强国之路。)
十四、地点简介 —— 介绍广州
Guangzhou, the third largest city in China, also known as Five-lamb City, Flower City and so on, serves as the capital city of Guangdong Province. This city covers a total area of 7, 434 square kilometers with a population of more than ten million. Guangzhou, a famous city with a history of more than 2, 200 years, is a starting port of the Silk Road on the sea in history. With the Pearl River winding its way through the city, Guangzhou enjoys a warm and wet climate. The beautiful city, well-known for its beautiful scenery, is also abundant in traveling resources. 十五、邀请信 —— 邀请外籍老师参加学校新年晚会
Dear Mr. Green,
On behalf of the Students’ Union, I’m writing this letter to invite you to participate in our New Year Evening. The party is going to be held in the school meeting hall from 7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. next Friday. Many wonderful performances, presented by the teachers and students in our school, will be shown on the stage, such as the
Chinese folk songs and dances, Chinese musical instruments, short plays of traditional style and so on. So it will surely offer you a good opportunity to obtain a clearer picture of Chinese traditional culture. We should be very delighted if you could come; meanwhile, our evening would be more cheerful if you could give a performance. We are looking forward eagerly to your participation.
Yours,
Li Ming
十六、节日简介 ——介绍端午节
[时间] The Dragon Boat Festival, a traditional Chinese festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar. It dates from over 2000 years ago, which falls on June 6th this year. [方式] On this day, Chinese people prepare Zongzi — glutinous(粘黏的) rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves. As the festival name shows, people have dragon boat races to celebrate it, especially in the southern places where there are many rivers and lakes. [意义] The Dragon Boat Festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, a great poet of ancient China.
十七、兴趣爱好 —— 我最喜欢的运动是游泳
My favorite sport is swimming. 【喜欢的程度】I first became interested in swimming when I was eight in primary school. Now I am a member of my school swimming team and I keep on swimming every day in the river near my home even in winter. 【喜欢的原因】I like swimming because it can not only help me build up my body, but also enrich my life. 【最喜欢的运动员】In this sport, although I like Liu Yu, I admire Michael Phelps, who is one of the best athletes in the world and got 8 gold medals in Beijing Olympics. 【愿望】How I wish to be an Olympic champion some day!
十八、通知 —— 举办“中学生才艺大赛”的通知
Notice
A “High School Students Talent Show” will be held in Guangzhou Television Station on May 1. There will be eight kinds of talents, including speeches, songs, dances, and musical instruments playing etc. One 1st prize, three 2nd prizes and five 3rd prizes for each type of talent will be offered at the show. If you’d like to have a try, please go to the TV station to sign up before April 30. It’s a good chance for you to show your special talent.
The Students Union
十九、分析原因 —— 分析极端天气出现的原因
[指出现象与引出原因] Reasons for extreme temperatures are varied. [分析原因] For one thing, human’s activities like burning fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide, which make the globe warmer, causing the global temperature to go up. For another, people’ s cutting down trees that can absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide for furniture also contributes to the warming of the earth, which gives rise to extreme temperatures.
二十、问题解决 —— 建设绿色校园
In order to build a green campus, we need to take the following steps. (学校) On the one hand, the school should make rules and regulations to prevent students doing something harm to our green campus.(学生) On the other hand, students should take some classes to raise their awareness. I don’t doubt that our campus will be more beautiful if we work together.
二十一、说明重要性 —— 责任心的重要性
[提出观点] Responsibility is essential to us. [论证] (正面)It not only represents one’s noble quality, but also enables one to be steady-going. Being responsible, you will gain many precious things, such as true love. (反面) Without responsibility, however, you will be an annoyance and can’t do anything successfully. What’s worse,people will lose belief in you if you are irresponsible. [总结] In short, only when we are responsible will we be respected and loved by others.
二十二、发表看法 —— 假期外出旅游
Nowadays, more and more people are in favor of travelling during vacation. [表明观点] To be frank, I can’t agree more with it. [说明理由] There are several factors contributing to my point. In the first place, journeys can widen
our knowledge of geography, customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries and enrich our experiences. In the second place, it is a good way to relax ourselves in my opinion. Furthermore, we can develop better relationship with our friends or family. [得出结论] Therefore, it goes without saying that we can benefit a lot from travelling.
二十三、观点对比 —— 说说人们对幸福的理解
[引出不同观点] Opinions are divided on the feeling of happiness. [观点一] Some people believe that if they have much money or many things, they will be happy. With great wealth, they will be able to do everything they want, with which they will be happy. [观点二] On the other hand, some people regard their intelligence, or their health as their great happiness. [观点三] Still others maintain that happiness is closely tied to their family, for they believe that they feel happy when all members of their family are happy and healthy.
二十四、经历感受 —— 拔苗助长
The story reminds me of a similar experience of my friend. He was once badly ill and went to see the doctor. The doctor gave him some pills, telling him to take them three times a day. However, he failed to follow the doctor’s advice and took them 6 times a day. To his great surprise, he became worse. Just as the old saying goes, “more haste less speed”. No matter what we do, we should obey the law of nature. It is the same with our studies. Only by learning step by step can we achieve something.
二十五、概况记叙文的内容要点
The author tells a story about (某人)a Chinese student with an excellent academic achievement who (做某事) couldn’t find a job in Germany (原因) because of his stealing rides at the subway, (启示)which shows honesty is the best policy.
二十六、概况说明文的内容要点
A survey made in Australia shows (现象) that many teenagers lack one hour’s sleep (原因) due to organized activities and homework, (结果)which results in such serious problems as slow progress in study, weight problem, depression, illness and so on.
二十七、概况议论文的内容要点
The passage tries to tell us (论点) that getting up early in the morning (论据) will benefit us a lot, including a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.
常见英语谚语50句
【勇气篇】
1. No cross, no crown. 不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹?
2. Life is not all roses. 人生并不是康庄大道。
3. All things are difficult before they are easy. 凡事总是由难而易。
4. Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
5. Let bygones be bygones. 过去的就让它过去吧。
6. Never too old to learn, never too late to turn. 亡羊补牢,为时未晚。
7. Never say die. 永不言败。
8. Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 逆境出人才。
9. A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。
10. No gains without pains. 吃得苦中苦方为人上人。
11. Success belongs to the persevering. 坚持就是胜利。
12. He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。
【惜时篇】
13. Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
14. It is never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。
15. Time flies. 光阴似箭。
16. Lost time is never found again. 岁月既往,一去不回。
2017广东高考作文分析篇二
修改:从标杆作文看2017年高考作文备考
从标杆作文看作文备考
深圳市教育科学研究院 葛福安
一.标杆作文对高考作文备考的意义
下面这张表格,是新课标卷的作文等级评分标准,被人们视为高考作文评分的部颁标准。这表张格对于评分的基本项目以及打分标准,都作出相当细致的分类分层的确定,但是,这个“部颁标准”到了各地高考评分现场,还会再加一个案例式的“地方解读”,主要表现为标杆作文。
2016年广东高考作文阅卷场也拿出了自己的17篇标杆作文。这17篇标杆作文是基于写够800字、能够完成整篇作文而制定的,残篇作文不在此例。这17篇标杆作文最低分10分,最高分58分。
标杆作文的产生,是高考作文阅卷专家小组成员集体讨论、研究、商定的结果。首先它体现出“此次”考场写作的现实。标杆作文取样于考卷场中,在一定的取样数量之中选择出多篇不同层次、不同等级的考卷,以待研究确定。其次,标杆作文均经过多方研究、斟酌,它们获得了充分的、全方位的关注,这种关注是一种高质量的打量,最后确定的标杆是经得起阅卷现场中各位阅卷操作者的质疑、询问和推敲的。第三,标杆作文的高密度细微差异,使它具有可信的标杆意义。和高考语文的分数呈仿锤分布相同,考场作文的现状也大致如此,所以,符合字数要求的考场作文真正的低分应该从35分起算起,至高分58分,标杆作文之间的分差高大为3分,最低为1分。而这分差又具体落实在三个分项打分上,这三个分项打
分是基础等级的内容和表达两项及发展等级的特征一项。
因此,从高考备考的角度来看这些标杆作文,它更可以被视为一个具体可感的作文备考样板。这个样板包含了一个完整的高考作文从审题到成文各种综合因素,这些因素中的经验和教训,都可以对具体的高考作文备考实践有着非常直观的指导和借鉴意义。
在表格中,我们按照平常教学中的惯常做法,把17篇标杆作文大致分为三类:低分作文、中等作文、高分作文。这种分数是以最后的总分为标准的。如果从每篇作文的三项分项打分来看的话,情况可能会更加复杂。
从标杆作文的写作内容上看,除去有跑题之嫌的几篇外(12-17),绝大多数作文都是符合题意或基本符合题意。
2016年全国I卷高考作文题中的这组漫画构思巧妙,以对比、变化的角度对所要求表达的内容和主题加以展现,简明、形象且有创意,符合学生实际和教育现实。总体而言,这组漫画的内容可以从五个层面予以分析、理解。
1.谈分数问题
学生、家长、教师过于看重分数,学生成绩尽管起点很高,但若有些许退步,仍会受到埋怨、责难甚至惩罚;学生成绩尽管起点很低,但若有些许进步,就会赢得鼓励奖赏。尽管两个学生的分数有着极大的差异和一些波动,但受到奖赏和惩罚的核心标准却是一致的,那就是分数,这反映了学生、家长、教师等对分数的超高关注度。标杆作文的2、3、7、8、9、10等几篇倾向于这一个层面。
2.谈教育现状
学生、家长、教师对分数的态度其实反映了目前教育中普遍存在着的功利化倾向----忽视了学生作为创新型人才的能力与素质的培养,片面追求分数,盲目追求升学率。而“分数”与“升学率”并不能真正代表学生的能力与素质,更无法衡量学生的成长与发展。从学生到家长,从学校到社区,各个层面的“唯分数论”既导致了教育误区的形成,也深深地自陷于这一教育沉疴而难以自拔。标杆作文的5、6、10、11、13等几篇倾向于这一个层面。
3.谈理性教育和教育科学问题
由分数问题、教育现状问题还可以进一步引申理性教育和科学教育层面的问题:单纯、直接、片面地由分数成绩产生的奖惩赏罚,不应成为家庭或学校教育孩子的主要手段。在这种僵化、单一的教育模式下成长的孩子,久而久之便会对分数产生依赖与恐惧并存的矛盾心理,这是应试教育的顽疾,是缺乏理性教育与科学教育的后果,更是素质教育应努力克服和解决的问题。标杆作文的1、2、10、11等几篇对这一个层面也有涉及。
4.谈心态问题
如果我们挖掘更深一层的含义,认真展开理性思考,跳出分数的小圈子来看依据分数来决定奖惩,就会发现,这还反映了当前社会上人们对进步、退步的态度,以及市场经济条件下普遍存在着的攀比竞争、急功近利、贪图眼前成败的浮躁心态。由于浮躁,短期行业似乎更受人关注,眼前利益可能更为人追逐,夸饰之风也许更被人艳羡,使人们无尽分析进步、退步的原因,而这种心态直接影响着我们的认知判断、价值取向和行为方式。标杆作文的2、5、6、10、13等几篇对这一个层面有所涉及。
5.谈评价问题
漫画中的所谓分数,亦可理解为评价,用分数来代表的评价,往往并非多元化评价,而是以某种的标准为尺度的单一化评价。无论教育还是其他诸多领域,对于人才及其发展能力的评价,都应力求摆脱单一、片面的评价机制,尊重学生的个性差异,多用几把尺子来衡量不同的学生,推进更为科学的多元化的评价,以促进人的全面发展、可持续发展为根本。标杆作文的1、3、4、5、9、10等几篇对这一个层面有所涉及。
二.高、中、低三档标杆作文对高考作文备考的启发
我们以总分把17篇标杆作文分为低、中、高三档作文,以“禁飞区”、“生活区”、“风景区”名之,试图从中到得一些高考备考的不为、可为与大有作为的地方。
1.从标杆作文看考场材料作文有哪些“禁区”{2017广东高考作文分析}.
从10分至39分的7篇低分作文中,我们大致归纳出具有一般意义的四大“误区”:
(1)材料作文话题化
最为典型的例子是那篇10分的作文。这篇文章属于“偏离题意”。评分细则对“偏离题意”的界定是“离开漫画中所提供的内容与信息,文本内容与“符合题意、基本符合题意”中提及的内容、信息完全无关,比如空谈“宽容、理解、心理健康”等。这篇考场作文的核心词是“苦难”。这位考生在看到漫画后,可能是没有紧扣漫画的一些要素去做具体的分析,有可能是“苦难”两字非常强烈地闪现于他的大脑,就不顾其它了。这种思维,在写作教学中或者写作的审题过程中,并不少见。但这种“闪念”是凭直觉而生的,而且它不是一种正确的直觉,甚至连“似是而非”都算不上。而考场作文的审题,应该对这样的 “闪念”进行探究、思考,一见钟情式的审题,是相当有风险的。对于这个风险,语文老师应该进行矫正,指导。当然,这篇文章还有一个致命的问题是用事例代替分析,这放到另外一篇标杆作文再作说明。
在学生的高考备考实际中,阅读材料后概括出核心词语,然后仅仅围绕核心词语进行多层论证,而不涉及材料的情况也为数不少。
材料作文的话题化写作,从文体写作特征上看,是对材料作文下的议论文写作认识不清所致;从考场作文的角度看,是对考场作文打击套作的无视所致;从能力的考查角度看,是对考场作文注重分析问题能力与表达分析问题能力的的忽视所致;从备考的角度看,是过于重视话题作文的“点式写作”,过分注重话题素材的积累而缺乏对素材的纵深分析所致;从学生的写作实践角度看,是没有摆脱中考的半命题或概念命题以及过去高考话题作文的影响所致。
因此,非常有必要强化学生对材料作文写作的认知,避免陷入低分作文的泥淖之中。
(2)大论公理说废话
这方面的例子是第13篇标杆作文。这篇文章的题目是“人无完人”。这个结论,能从材料(漫画)中概括得出来:第一个男孩第一次考了100分,奖“吻痕”一枚,第二次得98分,赐“掌印”一记。赏罚失当,不应该,为什么呀?因为人无完人,不可能永远保持完美的分数(100分)。但是,人无完人,是个 “公理”,就如同“地球是圆的”,虽然曾经不是公理,但现在是了。“公理”是指依据人类理性的不证自明的基本事实,经过人类长期反复实践的考验,不需要再加证明的基本命题。
高考题的写作要求上明确要求“选好角度,确定立意”。 “人无完人”只能算是个意思,不能算是你这篇文章的立意。因为这个意思不具备“立”的特征,是放之四海而皆准。“立意”的确定不仅要让读者看出作者对事物的认识,不管是深刻还是肤浅,更要让读者看出这篇文章的必要性。虽然2016年高考作文的要求“选好角度,确定立意”的表述,不如2015年的“体现你的思考、权衡与选择”指向清楚明白,但是,写作文,就是要看出作者的观点、看出作者对生活的关注度、思维清晰度和情怀。
在平常的作文备考中,有不少作文是在试图证明“公理”,像“看待事物要一分为二”,像“读万卷书,行万里路”,像“物质决定意识”等等,这些还真的都不能算是“立意”。有这样一则材料:沈阳市政在冬天落叶后的城市道路两旁的树上装上假叶子的做法,引得大家吐槽。有学生写的文章是“顺应自然”,而这是中国传统哲学流派道家的核心思想,当然不能做为文章的观点来论证。
(3)并列结构很僵化
这方面典型的例子是第14篇。三段并列的句子,把一篇文章分成四个隔断:个人要前进,社会要前进,民族要前进。个人要前进,塞进去个时髦的屠呦呦;社会要前进,塞进去“老人摔倒如何扶”“青岛天价虾”“旅游宰客”;民族要前进,塞进去“综合国力”。
虽然,评卷者也不能给这种作文过低的分,毕竟它结构完整,它的中心观点“xx,只有前进,方能成其X”也和作文材料(漫画)有点关系。但是,这种并列式的文章结构,是一种僵化的模式,是模板化写作,甚至可以说是套作。教育部考试中心张开在解读2015年高考作文特点时指出,目前,教育部考试中心和省级考试机构对作文试题评价主要依据六条标准:可写性、选择性、导向性、探究性、防套性、难易度。而其中对所谓“防套性”的解说为:防套性是指防止考生拿别人或者自己的旧作稍加改动作为应试作文。
但是,这类僵化的并列式作文,在有些语文老师那里还被视为得分的妙法,当然,他也清楚,这样的作文,也不可能得更高的分,但是,有些老师把这种写法看成是议论文写作低幼水平得以快速提升而不拉低班级均分的办法,这在提升学生思维发展方面,是一种不作为的做法。
(4)文体特征模糊化
这方面典型的例子是第11篇。这篇得39分的标杆作文,全文总共三段,却显现出两种文体色彩:前两段是记叙文的模样,最后一段是议论文的意思。把三段文字放在一起看,这种先改写再议论式的组合,整篇文章就会给人“文体不明确”不伦不类的感觉,甚至让人怀疑,作者在写这篇文章时,确定文体时的游移不定。
“明确文体”是个最基本的要求。就是要求考生写什么像什么,不能写出“四不像”。它的背后是考生写出的文章,应该有非常突出的文体色彩,这个要求,如同“不得抄袭”“不能套作”一样,也属于考场写作的“底线”。不同的文体,有着不同的属性。这种明确的规定性,决定了考生的这篇文章是从什么样的角度、采取什么样的言语形式进行的写作。所以,从考查考生写作基本能力的角度,作文题目还是有必要画一个最基本的“圈”。因此,从过去的“文体不限”到现在的“明确文体”,文体的要求都是作为一个基本要求写入题目之中的。
当然,如果高考作文题目不强烈要求“写篇议论文”,那在文体的选择上,还是有“开
明”一面的,不会是议论文“独霸天下”。但是,选择写什么文体是一种自由,但选择一种文体后,就有了自由选择的“不自由”,写出来的文章,就要有这种文体的基本特征。因此,写作时不能有文体上的左右摇摆,游移不定,要“从一而终”,一以贯之。
而具体的写作实际却是,每年总会有一些考生写出些“四不像”的文章。有些平常阅读到的“心灵鸡汤”多半也是一事一议的,这类文章多出现于《读者》这类通俗类杂志上,有些作家的文章,如台湾作家刘镛,多半也是这样一个模式。但是,在材料作文的写作上,这类文体不纯的文章,多半是不能得很不同凡响的分数的。备考时,学生写作如有这个倾向,老师需要为学生点出并加以纠正。
2.从标杆作文看考场中等作文可以从何处突破
这里的中等作文,得分在41至49之间。在学生写作的实际中,这是个“大肚子”,集中了非常多的数量。有些人甚至觉得,如果在考场中能写到49分,已经非常好了。当然,这也说明作文的高分多么难以获得,也说明高考作文的得分是那么不能让人确定。我们的很多考生,能估计到自己的理科成绩,而且非常准确,那是有答案便能准确估计的学科。但是,高考作文没有这种可能。这里面原因非常复杂,不可能说得清楚,说清楚也没有多大意思。但是,从标杆作文的中等作文里,我们可以看出大多数考生的考场写作现状,也能看出一般的一些问题。在这些方面有所突破,从中等作文升格到高分作文,或者比较稳妥地居于中等作文的高分位,也不能说没有可能。
从这5篇中等作文中,我们归纳出,冲破“中等收入陷阱”可以从如下四个方面入手:{2017广东高考作文分析}.
(1)突破例证局限
这方面典型的例子是第10篇。这篇文章的主体部分以乔布斯、爱迪生两个名人为主要论证内容。且不说两个名人的顺序列置不当,两个名人事例与议论中心无法融和。题目是“不以成绩论英雄”,乔布斯和爱迪生基本是百度搬家,引而不论,引而不析。写作要求所使用的材料对于所说明的论点是足够的和必要的,并且是作了具体分析的。堆积一大堆不能说明问题的材料,是没有意义的。这个“能说明”,靠的就是作具体分析,“堆积材料”的做法不可取。
怎样让材料不显出“堆积”的样子?那就是具体分析。所谓具体分析,就要剖开事物的表面,去看事物内在的“纹理”,通常要从原因与结果、条件与结果、正面与反面等几个方面去看,事物所反映的“理”就可能被剖析出来。如同水果里的甜,海水里的盐;把现象背后的实质分析出来,就能显出作者认识事物的能力,分析问题的水平。这样的材料,已经成为“建筑”中的一部分,而不是胡乱堆放在材料存放场的材料,它已经有所“立”,有所形,有所神,已经受文章的主旨立意的引领,已经是一个神形兼备的文章的“局部”。
写议论文,讲道理、说原因、谈做法,都是重在说理,举例也是在说理,以理取胜方为上上策。不少考生在看到作文题目后的第一反应是:我要什么样的例子来写这篇作文。或者,我平常准备的哪个例子可以用到这篇作文里。所以,有一时期,屈原、司马迁、陶渊明、李白、杜甫、苏东坡在考场作文中的出镜率特别高,再就是每年一度的感动中国人物的颁奖词特别走俏,所以,考场作文的圈子里曾有这样的流行语“名人开会”“事例排队”的现象,甚至有名师高人指点:“理不够,事来凑。”
但是,不用例子,还能写出作文吗?至今仍有学生这样问。不用例子,当然能写出文章来。那怎样写?那就讲理呗,本来嘛,议论文议论文,你不议论,哪来的“议论文”!这方面,可以进行一些专项的段落训练来落实。
(2)强化原因分析
这方面典型的例子是第6篇。这一篇49分的文章,主要靠原因分析支撑。分析原因,可见一篇文章作者之“识”。
文章开篇引述漫画材料后,从对漫画中家长对两类不同的学生的态度的理解来写,把注
2017广东高考作文分析篇三
广东省湛江市2017年普通高考测试题(一)语文试题(含解析){2017广东高考作文分析}.
湛江市2017年普通高考测试题(一)语文试题
注意事项:
1.本试卷分第 I卷(阅读题)和第 Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分。答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上,并用铅笔在答题卡上的相应位置填涂考生号。
2.作答时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第 I卷 阅读题
一、现代文阅读(35分)
(一)论述类文本阅读( 9分,每小题 3分)
阅读下面的文字,完成 1~3题。
我国酒的历史源远流长。在龙山文化遗址中发现有尊、高脚杯、小壶等陶器,都是用来酿酒或饮酒的。西周时设有“酒正”、“酒人”,掌管有关酿酒和酒令等相关事务。到了汉代,酿酒业得到进一步发展,“饮酒之风”盛行,形成独特的酒文化。
在汉代,饮酒大量被认为是豪爽的行为。光武帝时的马武为人嗜酒,阔达敢言,经常醉倒在皇帝面前。酿酒业有巨大的利益,国家对其实行官营政策。武帝太初三年春二月,实行官府酒类专卖制度。当时酒是必需品,实行官营后影响了人们的生活。武帝死后,酒类专卖制度被取消,改征酒税。这就放松了国家对酒类等的专营,有利于酿酒业的发展。
当时的贵族和官僚视饮酒为“嘉会之好”。每年正月初一,皇帝在太极殿大宴群臣,“杂会万人以上”。对于普通百姓来说,婚丧嫁娶,送礼待客,节日聚会是畅饮的大好时机。 当时酒的种类众多,有米酒、果酒、桂花酒等。河北刘胜墓中出土有“稻酒十石”、“黍上尊酒十五石”等题字的陶缸,说明了酒的种类很多。汉景帝时的穆生不嗜酒,元王每置酒常为穆生设醴。这里的醴就是一种米酒。
在汉代酒用作实行仁政的工具。孝文帝即位后下诏曰:“赐民爵一级,女子百户酒,酺五日。”酺五日的意思是欢聚饮酒五日。孝文帝元年三月诏曰:“年十八以上赐米、酒、肉”。
孝宣帝本始元年春正月,赐天下人爵各一级,孝者二级,女子百户牛酒。
酒用来犒劳军士,刘邦当年进入关中与父老约法三章,“秦民大喜,争持羊酒食献享军士”。武帝初置四郡保边塞,臧宫率兵屯驻骆越,越人“乃奉牛酒以劳军营”。
酒在汉代也用于医疗。长沙马王堆汉墓中出土的《养生方》和《杂疗方》中,记载了利用药物配合治疗的药酒方剂。张仲景的《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》中也有大量的记载。 汉代还有乡饮的仪式。乡饮是古代的一种宴饮风俗,是在举行射礼前的宴饮仪式。仪式严格区分长幼尊卑,要选择吉日举行。成帝永嘉二年春三月,博士行“乡饮酒礼”。每年三月学校在祭祀周公、孔子时也要举行盛大的酒会。“明帝永平二年三月,郡、县、道行乡饮酒于学校,皆祀圣师周公、孔子”。
按照汉代的礼俗,当别人进酒时,不让倒满或者一饮而尽,通常认为是对进酒人的不尊重。灌夫与田蚡有矛盾,灌夫给他倒酒时被田蚡拒绝了,灌夫因此骂座。
当时男女宴饮时可以杂坐,刘邦回故乡时,当地的男女一起在宴会上“日乐饮极欢”。汉代时供人宴饮的酒店叫做“垆”,当时司马相如与卓文君就在临邛开了一家酒店,“相如尽卖车骑,买酒店,乃令文君当垆”。{2017广东高考作文分析}.
按当时宴饮的礼俗,主人居中,客人分列左右。大规模宴饮还分堂上堂下,以区分贵贱,吕公当年宴饮,“进不满千钱者坐之堂下”,由此可以看出当时礼仪制度的严格。
(摘编自王绪栋《试析汉代的酒文化》)
1.下列关于原文内容的表述,不正确的一项是( 3分)
A.我国酒文化历史久远,龙山文化遗址中发现的酒具和古代设置的有关官职,可证明我 国西周时已掌握了酿酒的技术,也有着饮酒的风俗。
B.汉代酿酒业空前发展,形成了独特的酒文化,以豪饮为荣,豪饮成风,有大臣在皇帝 面前因喝醉了酒而有失礼仪,也没有被追究责任。{2017广东高考作文分析}.
C.汉武帝时实行酒业官营政策,官府独占酒利,不许私人自由酿酤,影响了人们的生活, 不利于酿酒业的发展,武帝死后,这一制度被取消了。
D.汉代酒的种类很多,有米酒、果酒、桂花酒等,从刘胜墓中出土的陶缸题字和汉景帝 时元王以醴酒招待穆生,可知米酒当时只是皇族的专享。
2.下列理解和分析,不符合原文意思的一项是(3分)
A.在汉代,不管是普通百姓还是贵族官僚,在节庆聚宴时都离不开酒,可以说酒是必需 品,没有酒,人们的生活将失色不少。
B.在汉代,酒被统治者用作奖赏的工具,不仅可以把酒奖给男性,还可以奖给女性,还 会用来犒劳军士,以显示统治者实行仁政。
C.汉代的乡饮是古代流传下来的一种风俗,由于有着重要的意义,所以仪式非常受重视, 要选择吉日举行,还要严格区分长幼尊卑。
D.在汉代,女子可以和男子一起喝酒,在宴饮时还可以杂坐,甚至可以在大庭广众之下 当街卖酒,才女卓文君就曾经当垆卖酒。
3.根据原文内容,下列理解和分析不正确的一项是( 3分)
A.根据长沙马王堆汉墓中出土的药酒方剂和张仲景两部药书中的大量记载,我们可以推 断酒在汉代被广泛用于医疗领域。
B.汉代的成帝、明帝时,在祭祀圣师周公、孔子时,都会在学校举行盛大的酒会,可见 酒在当时社会生活中有重要作用。
C.灌夫与田蚡本来就有矛盾,因为田蚡拒绝了灌夫的倒酒,所以灌夫认为这是田蚡对他 的极大的不尊重,当场就骂了田蚡。
D.按照汉代宴饮的礼俗,主人居中,客人分列左右,《鸿门宴》中项羽作为主人东向坐, 刘邦作为客人北向坐,是符合礼仪的。
(二)文学类文本阅读(14分)
阅读下面的文字,完成 4~6题。
秋水
田中禾
鸡子叫头遍金保就醒了。妈起来做饭,风箱呼嗒呼嗒的,猪在院里哼唧。他睡不着,可又不想起来。麦种完了。他早对秋水说过:“种罢麦,一定要找个门儿挣钱。”可如今,啥门儿也没找到。
冬日的阳光透过窗格子,直射在金保的床前。他想起从前在学校可没这么笨,总在前十几名里。下了学,庄稼种得也不赖。起先,他想投稿儿,买书,订杂志,没日没夜地写。寄出去十几篇石沉大海的文章,一场梦也就结束了。后来他想学修收音机、钟表。谁知那进修班跟哄人差不多,白扔了 30块学费。
“唉,钱难抓呀!”他叹了口气,开始穿毛衣蹬裤子。“哪云彩眼里有个挣钱门儿呢?” 他皱皱眉,“反正今年我的棉花争气,一级就卖了 400斤,还不说加价款。玩去!” 他一脚踏进厨屋,喊:“妈 ——”厨屋里雾腾腾的。风箱呼嗒呼嗒,没有人应声。他又喊“妈”,却听见妈在背后说话:“你瞧你,还不快穿上袜子鞋!真真是„„” 妈一手端着糠瓢,一手向屋里指着。金保听见灶前传来低声的嗤笑,他一看,原来是秋水在那儿拉风箱。他不好意思地笑了。
“哟,这么早来了?”
“早?太阳晒着 „„”秋水没把下句话说完,咯咯地笑着使劲拉风箱。
妹妹放早学了。秋水把馍饭端上桌,妹妹忙忙地喂鸡,妈给猪拌食。
“吃!都吃了再弄。”秋水这么说着,夺过妈手里的糠瓢。
“二姨!”
——没过门,她还不便叫妈。“今年花收得好呀?”
“好哩。”
“卖了多少一级?”
“总有两三百斤吧。”
屋里忽然有些沉默。问到花,就等于问钱。谈到钱,大家就未免神经紧张。
“金保,我看你别老盘算挣钱,倒不如先盘算到手的钱咋花?”秋水叫着金保的名字,眼睛却望着妈。秋水的眼睛不大,很秀气,滴溜溜的,很有神儿。
“那还用说,先尽你们办事用呗。”妈款款地说。
秋水的脸一下子红了 ——她还和在学校那会儿一样,爱红脸。
“我不是说那 „„”
“我刷,我刷!”金保站起来去拾掇碗筷,话头就这样打断了。
秋水把扯旗一样搭在屋里绳上的脏衣服收下来,拿了棒槌和棉油皂去下塘。静静的塘边立刻响起嘭嘭的声音。银亮亮的水珠迸溅起来,清澈的塘水泛起涟漪。金保最爱看秋水洗衣服。她半蹲着,向水里探着身子,短发辫一只向前一只向后,两只手在石条上来回搓,细细的腰肢随着胳膊起伏。
照往常习惯,过了午,金保就推出自行车送她回家。七里路,走一后晌。可今天,她竟把脸一摆说:“我不回呢。”“不”字咬得挺重,连妈都感到诧异了。
她斜着身子,用手指着背后的水塘说:“你瞧这水多好!清得像水晶样。”
他很有些茫然,好像读一首朦胧诗。
“俺姨夫在县鱼苗场。我跟他说了,这一冬,你帮他干义务工去,跟他好好学。开了春,买千把尾鱼苗,把这口塘承包了。”
“那
„„那靠得住吗?”
“我知道你专走保险门儿。没听俺爷说:喂猪不如喂羊,喂羊不如养塘。如今鱼价一年年涨,街上都卖一块二一斤了!”
“这是过水塘,下了雨,鱼都跑了!”
“我知道!”秋水拿火辣辣的眼睛盯着他,“你呢,要你那手干啥!”
“得一笔本钱。”
“你呀„„那卖花的钱呢!压在箱底能生儿吗?”秋水声气不高,金保却如猛地听了炸雷——天爷,那宝贝钱,他连摸都怕摸脏呢!
妈倒先应了:“保儿!你这上不得山打不得狼的脾性。秋水说了,你就试试。” “家里你放心。”秋水说,“我住俩月,等你过年回来再走。”
金保咧开嘴笑了,一头扎进屋去收拾行李。他弯着腰,忙活着。呼啦,从他肩膀上摔下来一本书,只见那上边有四个字:淡水养鱼。
(有删改)
4.下列对小说相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏,最恰当的一项是( 3分)
A.“我看你别老盘算挣钱,倒不如先盘算到手的钱咋花?”秋水说这句话时是想要金保 家把卖棉花的钱拿来办婚事,这样她就能明正言顺地过来帮助金保家脱贫。
B.面对婆家并不富裕的现状,秋水不嗔不怨,面对不思进取、胆小无能的未婚夫,秋水 有批评亦有诱导,最终唤醒恋人潜藏心中的斗志,也燃起一家人新的希望。
C.小说选取了一段并不复杂的农村恋曲,通过一个个寻常的农村生活场景来一步步诠释 贫困的农村生活中的人们抗争的不易,读来平淡质朴,给人真实之感。
D.小说地方特色鲜明,尤其是“哪云彩眼里有个挣钱门儿呢?”“保儿!你这上不得山
打不得狼的脾性”等日常生活语言的大量使用,增添了浓郁的乡土气息。
5.请简要分析秋水洗衣时环境描写的作用。( 5分)
6.金保是本文一个重要人物,请结合金保这一人物形象和相关情节谈谈作者创作这篇小说的意图。( 6分)
(三)实用类文本阅读(12分)
阅读下面的文字,完成 7~9题。
文化出版界的巨人 ——胡愈之
1914年,胡愈之考进上海商务印书馆当练习生。他充分利用商务“东方图书馆”,发愤自学,博览群书。
1915年 8月开始在《东方杂志》发表其第一篇译作:《英国与欧洲大陆间之海底隧道》。在白色恐怖的威胁下,
1928年 3月,胡愈之被迫去法国留学三年。
胡愈之回国后不久发生了“九一八”事变。邹韬奋和胡愈之这两位爱国知识分子联手呼吁抗日救亡。桂林是当时后方文化名人荟萃的文化城,胡愈之是其中的核心人物之一。曾在桂林国新社任记者的王淮冰回忆:“文化城中的文化人,无论办报纸、办杂志、开书店、出版图书,有事都去请教愈老。人们称他为 ‘文化界的参谋长 ’„„在我的印象中,他是‘文化城 "中第一大忙人。”胡愈之发动知识界朋友共同集资创办了由章锡琛任经理的开明书店。章锡琛曾深情地对胡愈之说:“从主意到具体工作,没有你恐怕就没有开明书店了。”在胡愈之的推动和策划下,创立了以《大公报》名记者范长江为理事长的“中国青年记者学会”,成为我国最早出现的新闻界群众团体。
《世界知识》是胡愈之在生活书店亲自创办的心爱刊物。他在 1934年 9月发表的《世界知识》创刊辞中指出“中国是 ‘世界的中国 ’了„„怎样走上这世界的光明大道去,这需要勇气,需要毅力 ——但尤其需要知识。”新中国成立后,在他和乔冠华的共同建议下,《世界知识》从上海迁来北京复刊,使其成为我国唯一从旧中国转来至今仍在连续出版的刊物。
淞沪战争上海沦陷后,胡愈之在租界孤岛仍坚持文化出版工作。他从斯诺家中得其新出版的《 Red Star Over China》一书,为了减少发行阻力,将原书名《红星照耀中国》改为《西行漫记》。《西行漫记》在不到一年内连续出了四版,并在香港被多次翻印,成为海内外华人争相阅读的畅销书,创造了中国出版史的奇迹。
不久,胡愈之与许广平、郑振铎等共
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