1979政府工作报告英汉

1979政府工作报告英汉篇一

2006年温总理政府工作报告英汉对照

2006年温总理政府工作报告（汉英对照版）

政府工作报告Report on the Work of the Government

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies,

现在，我代表国务院，向大会作政府工作报告，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

On behalf of the State Council, I would like to present to you the following report on the work of the

government for your deliberation and approval. I also welcome comments and suggestions on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

一、去年工作回顾

I. Review of the Work of the Past Year

2005年，我国社会主义现代化事业取得显著成就。

Major achievements were made in 2005 in the socialist modernization drive.

——经济平稳较快发展。全年国内生产总值达到18.23万亿元，比上年增长9.9%；财政收入突破3万亿元，增加5232亿元；居民消费价格总水平上涨1.8%。国民经济呈现增长较快、效益较好、价格较稳的良好局面。

 Economic growth was fast yet steady. China's GDP reached 18.23 trillion yuan in 2005, an increase of 9.9 percent over the previous year. Government revenue exceeded 3 trillion yuan, 523.2 billion more than the previous year. The consumer price index rose by 1.8 percent. China's economy was in good shape and

characterized by fast growth, improved economic returns and stable prices.

——改革开放迈出重大步伐。一些重点领域和关键环节的改革取得新突破；进出口贸易总额达到1.42万亿美元，增长23.2%；实际利用外商直接投资603亿美元；年末国家外汇储备达到8189亿美元。

Major steps were taken in reform and opening up. Breakthroughs were achieved in some key areas. China's import and export volume totaled US$1.42 trillion, an increase of 23.2 percent. Total foreign direct investment actually used reached US$60.3 billion, and the country's foreign exchange reserves totaled US$818.9 billion at the end of 2005.

——社会事业取得新进步。科技、教育、文化、卫生、体育等事业全面发展。神舟六号载人航天飞行圆满成功，标志着我国在一些重要科技领域达到世界先进水平。

Continued progress was made in social programs. Science and technology, education, culture, health, sports and other undertakings developed in an all-round way. The success of the Shenzhou VI manned spaceflight shows that China has reached world-class levels in some key areas of science and technology.

——人民生活进一步改善。城镇新增就业970万人；城镇居民人均可支配收入达到10493元，农村居民人均纯收入达到3255元，扣除价格因素，分别增长9.6%和6.2%。

People's lives continued to improve. A total of 9.7 million urban residents entered the workforce for the first time last year. Urban per capita disposable income rose to 10,493 yuan, an increase of 9.6 percent after adjusting for inflation, and rural per capita net income grew to 3,255 yuan, an increase of 6.2 percent after adjusting for inflation.

我国在全面建设小康社会道路上迈出了新的坚实步伐。

China took another substantial step forward on the road of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

一年来，我们以科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局，主要做了以下几方面工作：

We adopted a scientific outlook on development to guide China's overall economic and social development last year. We mainly undertook the following tasks.

（一）着力解决经济运行中的突出问题。继续搞好宏观调控，坚持区别对待、有保有压的原则，综合运用财税、货币、土地等手段，控制固定资产投资过快增长，遏制房地产投资过快增长和房价过快上涨的势头。进一步增加农业、能源、交通、社会事业等薄弱环节投入，促进协调发展，增强发展后劲。加强经济运行调节，继续缓解煤电油运紧张状况，保障了经济平稳较快增长。

1. Solving the major problems affecting economic performance. We continued to exercise effective

macroeconomic regulation in accordance with the principle of taking different approaches to different situations

and encouraging the growth of some sectors while discouraging the expansion of others. We used a combination of fiscal, tax, monetary and land policies to curb overheated growth infixed asset and real estate investment and ballooning housing prices. In addition, we increased investment in weak links such as agriculture, energy,

transport, and social programs to promote balanced development and provide momentum for future development. We improved economic regulation and reduced the pressure on tight supplies of coal, electricity, and petroleum and on the overloaded transportation system, thus ensuring fast yet steady growth of China's economy.

（二）积极推进经济结构调整和增长方式转变。继续加强“三农”工作。28个省（区、市）全部免征了农业税，全国取消了牧业税。增加对种粮农民的补贴和对产粮大县及财政困难县的转移支付，对部分粮食主产区的重点粮食品种实行最低收购价政策，多渠道增加农民收入。全年中央财政用于“三农”的支出达到2975亿元，比上年增加349亿元。粮食总产量在上年大幅度增长的基础上，又增产1454万吨，达到48401万吨。农业综合生产能力得到加强，粮食稳定增产和农民持续增收，为经济平稳较快发展和社会稳定奠定了基础。

2. Promoting economic restructuring and change of the pattern of economic growth. Work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers was further intensified. The agricultural tax was rescinded in 28 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, and the livestock tax was rescinded nationwide. We increased subsidies to grain producers and transfer payments to major grain-producing counties and financially strapped counties, set floor prices for the purchase of key grain varieties in some major

grain-producing areas, and increased rural incomes through a variety of channels. Last year, 297.5 billion yuan from the central government budget was spent on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, a year-on-year increase of 34.9 billion yuan. Having risen considerably the previous year, total grain output rose again by 14.54 million tons to 484.01 million tons. The increased overall agricultural capacity, stable increase in grain production and steady increase in rural incomes provide the foundation for ensuring fast yet steady economic development and social stability.

在产业结构调整方面，制定和实施了能源、重要原材料和装备制造等行业发展规划和产业政策，提出了促进流通业发展的政策措施，引导和支持重点行业健康发展；淘汰了一批高耗能、高污染和不符合安全生产条件的落后生产能力。

In industrial restructuring, we formulated and implemented development programs and industrial policies for energy, important raw material production, equipment manufacturing and other sectors, and adopted policy measures to encourage development of the wholesale and retail industry. We guided and supported major

industries to ensure their sound development and closed down a number of production facilities that had backward equipment, wasted energy, created serious pollution and were unsafe.

为推进经济增长方式转变，突出抓了能源资源节约和环境保护，提出了建设资源节约型社会、发展循环经济的任务和政策措施，启动了178项节能、节水和资源综合利用等重大项目。加强了矿产开发、土地利用和城乡规划管理。去年投入国债资金152亿元，主要用于淮河、太湖等重点流域污染防治和天然林保护、退耕还林还草、防沙治沙等重点生态工程。深入开展环保专项治理，解决了一些危害群众健康的环境问题。

We paid particular attention to energy and resource conservation and environmental protection and laid out tasks, policies and measures for building a resource-conserving society and developing a circular economy in order to change the pattern of economic growth. We launched 178 major projects that save energy and water and comprehensively utilize resources. Management of mineral exploration and exploitation, land use, and urban and rural planning was enhanced. Last year, 15.2 billion yuan from the sale of treasury bonds was used to finance key ecological projects undertaken to prevent and control pollution in the basins of the Huai River, Tai Lake and other major rivers and lakes, protect virgin forests, return farmland to forests or grassland, and prevent and control desertification. We launched special projects to address serious environmental problems that were endangering people's health.

（三）深化体制改革和推进对外开放。农村综合改革试点继续推进。国有商业银行股份制改革和农村信用社改革取得重要进展，上市公司股权分置改革稳步推进，完善人民币汇率形成机制改革顺利实施。国有企业建立现代企业制度步伐加快。中央财政安排219亿元支持116户国有企业实施政策性关闭破产，企

业分离办社会职能工作继续进行。财税、投资、价格改革继续深化。邮政体制改革开始启动。铁路、民航体制改革取得新进展。制定并实施了鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展的政策措施。一些重点领域和关键环节的改革，取得了突破性进展。

3. Deepening economic restructuring and opening China further to the outside world. Trials of

comprehensive rural reform were carried forward. Significant progress was made in introducing a shareholding system in state-owned commercial banks and in reforming rural credit cooperatives. Reform of the shareholder structure of listed companies made steady progress. Reform of the mechanism for setting the Renminbi exchange rate was implemented smoothly. Introduction of a modern corporate structure in state-owned enterprises was accelerated. A total of 21.9 billion yuan was allocated by the central government to subsidize the policy-based closure and bankruptcy of 116 state-owned enterprises. The work of relieving enterprises of their obligation to operate social programs continued. Reform in the areas of public finance, tax, investment and pricing was deepened. Reform of the postal service system was initiated. Further progress was made in the reform of the railway and civil aviation systems. Policy measures were adopted to encourage, support and guide the growth of the non-public sector of the economy. Breakthroughs were made in reforms in some major areas.

我们积极应对对外开放中出现的新情况新问题。调整出口退税、关税和加工贸易政策，优化对外贸易结构。完善出口退税机制。稳步推进服务业对外开放。全面部署了加入世界贸易组织后过渡期的各项工作。

We actively addressed new issues arising in the course of opening China to the outside world. The structure of foreign trade was improved by adjusting policies concerning export rebates, tariffs and processing trade. The export rebate mechanism was improved. Steady progress was made in opening the service sector to foreign

competition. Overall arrangements were made for work after the transition period following China's entry into the WTO.{1979政府工作报告英汉}.

（四）加快发展各项社会事业。2005年中央财政用于科技、教育、卫生、文化等方面的支出1168亿元，比上年增长18.3%；投入国债建设资金95.4亿元。{1979政府工作报告英汉}.

4. Accelerating the development of social programs. The central government spent 116.8 billion yuan in 2005 on science and technology, education, health and culture, an increase of 18.3 percent over the previous year. In addition, 9.54 billion yuan from the sale of treasury bonds was spent on these items.

在科技方面，加强了国家创新体系、基础研究和基础设施建设。集成电路芯片设计开发、第三代移动通信、高性能复合材料、高档数控机床研制等重大科技专项取得重要进展。在国务院领导下，组织和动员各方面力量，经过两年多的深入研究和广泛论证，制定了《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》。

In science and technology, we improved the national innovation system and strengthened basic research and infrastructure development. Important progress was made in major R&D projects, including those to design and develop advanced integrated circuit chips, third-generation mobile communications, high-performance composite materials, and high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools. Under the leadership of the State Council, we formulated the Outline of the National Long- and Medium-Term Program for Scientific and Technological Development based on two years of in-depth research and extensive deliberation during which the views of all concerned parties were solicited.

在教育方面，重点加强了义务教育特别是农村义务教育。中央和地方财政安排专项资金70多亿元，对592个重点贫困县1700万名贫困家庭学生免除学杂费、免费提供教科书和补助寄宿生生活费，还为中西部地区1700多万名贫困家庭学生免费提供教科书，许多辍学儿童重新回到学校。继续实施西部地区“两基”攻坚计划。两年来新建、改建、扩建农村寄宿制学校2400多所，为16万个农村中小学校和教学点配备了远程教育设施。职业教育得到进一步加强。高等教育持续发展。

In education, we focused on strengthening compulsory education, especially in rural areas. Over 7 billion yuan was allocated by the central and local governments to pay tuition and miscellaneous fees, provide free textbooks, and subsidize room and board for 17 million students from poor families in 592 designated

poverty-stricken counties. Free textbooks were also provided to over 17 million students from poor families in the central and western regions. As a result, many students who had dropped out of school were able to continue their

studies. We continued to implement the plan to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal and to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in the western region. We built, renovated or expanded over 2,400 boarding schools in rural areas and provided distance learning equipment for 160,000 rural primary and secondary schools and learning centers over the past two years. Vocational education was further improved, and higher education continued to develop.

 在卫生方面，着力加强公共卫生体系建设和农村卫生工作。近三年，中央和地方投入105亿元，基本建成了覆盖省市县三级的疾病预防控制体系；总投资为164亿元的突发公共卫生事件医疗救治体系建设进展顺利。中央安排30亿元国债资金支持中西部乡镇卫生院建设，改善农村医疗卫生条件。新型农村合作医疗制度试点已扩大到671个县，惠及1.77亿农民。加强艾滋病等重大疾病防治。高度重视高致病性禽流感疫情防控工作，有效遏制了疫情蔓延和对人的传播。人口和计划生育工作取得新进展。

In health, we put great effort into improving the public health system and rural health care work. Over the past three years, the central and local governments spent 10.5 billion yuan to basically complete establishment of a disease prevention and control system that operates at the provincial, city and county levels. A total of 16.4 billion yuan was spent on setting up a medical treatment system for public health emergencies, and work is

proceeding smoothly. The central government spent 3 billion yuan from the sale of treasury bonds to support the establishment of health clinics in towns and townships in the central and western regions, thus improving public health and medical treatment conditions there. Trials of a new type of rural cooperative medical care system were extended to 671 counties with a total of 177 million rural residents. We intensified efforts to prevent and treat major diseases such as AIDS and gave high priority to the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza, keeping it from spreading and infecting people. Progress was made in population work and family planning.

在文化方面，积极开展文化体制改革试点工作，公共文化基础设施建设进一步加强，文化信息资源共享工程顺利实施。对外文化交流日益活跃。体育事业取得新成绩。社会主义精神文明建设得到加强。

In culture, we launched a trial reform of the cultural system, upgraded culture-related facilities for public use, implemented the project to share cultural information, and increased cultural exchanges with other countries. Further successes were achieved in the country's athletic endeavors. Greater efforts were made to promote socialist cultural and ideological progress.

（五）努力做好就业和社会保障工作。加大对就业再就业的政策支持和资金投入。去年中央财政安排国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障专项补助、再就业补助209亿元，比上年增加29亿元。统筹做好城镇新增劳动力、高校毕业生、复员退伍军人等就业工作。中央财政还安排专项资金支持农村劳动力转移培训和城镇退役士兵自谋职业。

5. Striving to increase employment and improve social security work. We increased policy support and

spending to expand employment and reemployment. The central government last year allocated 20.9 billion yuan to provide basic living allowances and reemployment subsidies to employees laid off from state-owned enterprises,

2.9 billion more than the year before. We did a good job providing employment for urban residents newly entering the workforce, college graduates and demobilized soldiers. A special fund was also set up in central government budget to support job training for farm laborers looking for urban employment and to assist demobilized soldiers from urban areas in finding jobs for themselves.

社会保障体系不断完善，覆盖面进一步扩大。已有17个省（区、市）完成国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障向失业保险并轨。城市低保对象基本实现应保尽保。重点优抚对象抚恤补助标准明显提高，中央财政安排优抚事业费74.6亿元，比上年增长90%。28个省（区、市）、2300个县（市）已初步建立社会救助体系的基本框架。救灾和扶贫工作力度加大。全年中央财政用于抗灾救灾的资金89亿元，救助受灾群众9000多万人次。中央和地方财政安排扶贫资金162亿元，农村贫困人口比上年减少245万人。

The social security system underwent steady improvement, and its coverage was expanded. The work of incorporating basic living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises into the unemployment benefit system was completed in 17 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. All urban residents entitled to basic living allowances are now basically receiving them. Allowances

for key entitled groups were increased significantly, and 7.46 billion yuan was allocated from the central

government budget for allowances for entitled groups, a 90 percent increase from the previous year. The basic framework of a social assistance system has been established in 28 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government and in 2,300 counties and cities. Disaster relief and

anti-poverty work was intensified. Total expenditures from the central government budget for fighting natural disasters and providing disaster relief came to 8.9 billion yuan last year, and more than 90 million people were helped. The central and local governments allocated 16.2 billion yuan for poverty alleviation, and the number of rural residents living in poverty decreased by 2.45 million.

（六）切实加强民主法制建设。基层民主政治建设继续推进，21个省（区、市）完成了村委会换届选举。政务公开、厂务公开和村务公开不断扩大。加强了政府决策科学化、民主化工作，对涉及群众利益的重大事项实行公示、听证等制度。重视政府法制建设，国务院提出了劳动合同法、妇女权益保障法和个人所得税法修正案（草案）等7部法律议案，制定并颁布了《重大动物疫情应急条例》、《关于预防煤矿生产安全事故的特别规定》等22部行政法规。制定和实施了《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》和专项预案，应对突发事件的能力不断提高。审计、监察监督进一步强化。认真做好实施《中华人民共和国公务员法》的准备工作。实施新的《信访条例》，畅通了信访渠道，规范了信访秩序。稳步推进司法体制改革。深入开展规范执法行为、促进执法公正的专项整改活动，保障公民合法权益。继续加强社会治安综合治理，依法严厉打击各种违法犯罪活动，刑事发案数有所下降，社会保持稳定。

6. Strengthening democracy and the legal system. Democracy continued to make advances at the local level, and elections for village committees were held in 21 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. The running of governments, factories and villages was made more transparent. Government decision making was made more scientific and democratic, and a system of public notices and public hearings on matters affecting the interests of the people was instituted. Much effort was put into passing government legislation.The State Council sponsored seven bills, including the revised versions of the Labor Contract Law, the Law Guaranteeing the Rights and Interests of Women, and the Individual Income Tax Law (draft), and 22 administrative regulations were drawn up and promulgated by the State Council, including the Emergency Measures for Handling Major Animal Epidemics and the Special Regulations for Preventing

Coalmine Accidents. The State Council formulated and implemented the Master State Plan for Rapid Response to Public Emergencies and plans for managing specific emergencies, thus improving our ability to respond to

emergencies. Oversight was strengthened through auditing and supervision. We carried out thorough preparatory work for implementing the Civil Servant Law of the People's Republic of China. The new Regulations on Petitions in the Form of Letters and Visits were implemented, improving people's access to government

departments that handle such petitions and ensuring order in submitting and handling them. Steady progress was made in the reform of the judicial system. A campaign to correct irregularities and promote impartiality in law enforcement was launched to safeguard citizens' lawful rights and interests. We continued to improve all facets public security and severely punished illegal and criminal activities in accordance with the law. The number of criminal cases dropped, and social stability was maintained.{1979政府工作报告英汉}.

民族、宗教、侨务和对台工作进一步加强。国防和军队现代化建设取得新进展。外交工作成果显著。 Work related to ethnic groups, religions, overseas Chinese, and Taiwan was further improved. We continued to make progress in the modernization of national defense and the army. Significant progress was made in diplomacy.

一年来的成就，是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央驾驭全局、正确领导的结果，是广大干部群众共同奋斗、辛勤劳动的结果。在这里，我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞和台湾同胞以及广大侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向一切关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢！

We owe these successes to the correct overall leadership of the Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary and to the concerted efforts and hard work of government employees and the general public.

1979政府工作报告英汉篇二

历年政府工作报告(1954年-2013年)

历年政府工作报告

1954年国务院政府工作报告 .................................................................. 1 1955年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................. - 16 -

1956年国务院政府工作报告 ................................................................. 55

1957年国务院政府工作报告 ................................................................. 68 关于一九五八年度国民经济计划草案的报告 ............................................... - 89 - 1959年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 106 - 1960年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 126 - 1964年国务院政府工作报告（摘要） .................................................... - 133 - 1975年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 147 - 1978年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 152 - 1979年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 172 - 1980年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 190 - 1981年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 200 - 1982年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 221 - 1983年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 240 - 1984年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 255 - 1985年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 268 - 1986年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 277 - 1987年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 294 - 1988年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 308 - 1989年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 328 - 1990年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 345 - 1991年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 363 - 1992年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 381 - 1993年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 392 - 1994年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 405 - 1995年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 415 - 1996年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 426 - 1997年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 439 - 1998年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 450 - 1999年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 462 - 2000年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 473 - 2001年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 484 - 2002年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 495 - 2003年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 505 - 2004年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 521 - 2005年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 534 - 2006年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 548 - 2007年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 563 - 2008年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 577 - 2009年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 593 - 2010年国务院政府工作报告 ............................................................ - 605 -

2011年政府工作报告 .................................................................. - 619 - 2012年政府工作报告 .................................................................. - 619 - 2013年政府工作报告 .................................................................. - 619 -{1979政府工作报告英汉}.

1954年国务院政府工作报告

——1954年5月23日在中华人民共和国第一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上

国务院总理周恩来

各位代表：

我们第一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议，在听了刘少奇同志关于宪法草案的报告并进行了三天的讨论以后，已经光荣地完成了一件历史性的工作，通过了我们国家的根本法——中华人民共和国宪法，接着，又通过了几个重要的法律。现在，我代表中央人民政府作工作报告。

我国伟大的人民革命的根本目的，是在于从帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义的压迫下面，最后也从资本主义的束缚和小生产的限制下面，解放我国的生产力，使我国国民经济能够沿着社会主义的道路而得到有计划的迅速的发展，以便提高人民的物质生活和文化生活的水平，并且巩固我们国家的独立和安全。我国的经济原来是很落后的；如果我们不建设起强大的现代化的工业、现代化的农业、现代化的交通运输业和现代化的国防，我们就不能摆脱落后和贫困，我们的革命就不能达到目的。在一九四九年至一九五二年间，中央人民政府按照中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领的规定，先后完成了全国大陆的统一，完成了土地制度的改革，进行了广泛的和深入的镇压反革命运动和各种民主改革运动，恢复了遭受长期战争破坏的国民经济，着重地发展了社会主义的国营经济和各种类型的合作社经济，初步地调整了公私营工商业之间的关系，这一切都为有计划地进行经济建设和逐步过渡到社会主义社会准备了必要的条件。随后，从一九五三年起，我国就开始了经济建设的第一个五年计划，着手有系统地逐步地实现国家的社会主义工业化和对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业的社会主义改造。经济建设工作在整个国家生活中已经居于首要的地位。 制订第一个五年计划的全部工作现在还没有最后完成，对于计划的许多细节还在进行补充和修订。第一个五年计划的方针是大家已经知道的，这就是：集中主要力量发展重工业，建立国家工业化和国防现代化的基础；相应地发展交通运输业、轻工业、农业和商业；相应地培养建设人才；有步骤地促进农业、手工业的合作化；继续进行对资本主义工商业的改造；保证国民经济中社会主义成份的比重稳步增长，同时正确地发挥个体农业、手工业和资本主义工商业的作用；保证在发展生产的基础上逐步提高人民物质生活和文化生活的水平。第一个五年计划所以要集中主要力量发展重工业，即冶金工业、燃料工业、动力工业、机械制造工业和化学工业，这是因为只有依靠重工业，才能保证整个工业的发展，才能保证现代化农业和现代化交通运输业的发展，才能保证现代化国防力量的发展，并且归根结底，也只有依靠重工业，才能保证人民的物质生活和文化生活的不断提高。当然，重工业需要的资金比较多，建设时间比较长，赢利比较慢，产品大部分不能直接供给人民的消费，因此在国家集中力量发展重工业的期间，虽然轻工业和农业也将有相应的发展，人民还是不能不暂时忍受生活上的某些困难和不便。但是我们究竟是忍受某些暂时的困难和不便，换取长远的繁荣幸福好呢，还是因为贪图眼前的小利，结果永远不能摆脱贫困和落后好呢？我们相信，大家一定会认为第一个主意好，第二个主意不好。

我国在一九四九年至一九五二年迅速地完成了工业恢复的任务，在恢复期间工业总产值平均每年递增百分之三十六点九。在建设期间，工业发展的速度当然要低些，但是一九五三年工业总产值仍然比一九五二年增加了百分之三十三。一九五四年预计现代工业的总产值将等于一九四九年的四点二倍，如果再加上农业和手工业，那么今年的工农业总产值将等于一九四九年的二点二倍。这样的发展速度，在旧中国是不能够设想的。

拿几项最重要的工业产品的一九五四年预计产量来同一九四九年产量比较一下，我们可以看到以下的

动人的数字：电力一百零八亿度，等于一九四九年的二点五倍；原煤八千一百九十九万吨，等于一九四九年的二点六倍；生铁三百零三万吨，等于一九四九年的十二点四倍；钢二百十七万吨，等于一九四九年的十三点七倍；金属切削机床一万三千五百十三台，等于一九四九年的八点五倍；水泥四百七十三万吨，等于一九四九年的七点二倍；棉纱四百六十万件，等于一九四九年的二点六倍；机制纸四十八万吨，等于一九四九年的四点五倍。当然这些产量还是很少的，但是它们的增长状况表明，只要坚持努力，我们的前途是无限光明的。

在工业的发展中应当指出三个值得特别注意的地方。第一是现代工业的产值在工农业总产值中的比重迅速上升。在一九四九年，这个比重大约是百分之十七，而在一九五四年预计将近百分之三十三。第二是生产资料的产值在工业总产值中的比重迅速上升。一九五四年消费资料的生产将等于一九四九年的三点一倍左右，而生产资料的生产却将等于一九四九年的五点七倍左右。生产资料的产值在工业总产值中的比重，在一九五四年将由一九四九年的百分之二十八点八上升为百分之四十二点三。第三是国营、合作社营和公私合营工业在工业总产值中的比重迅速上升。由于国营工业和合作社营工业一年一年壮大，由于资本主义工业开始成批地转为公私合营工业，这一比重在一九五四年预计将由一九四九年的百分之三十七增加到百分之七十一左右。这就是说，没有转为公私合营的资本主义工业在工业总产值中的比重，将只占百分之二十九左右了。

这些统计表明我们的国家正在向着工业化的目标前进，正在向着社会主义的目标前进。

我们原有工业的基础虽然薄弱，却是目前我国工业产品、工业利润和工业人才的主要来源，忽视这个基础是完全错误的。我们必须充分利用原有的工业基地和工业企业，发挥它们的潜在力量，增加生产品的产量和品种，使它们在国家建设中发挥重大的作用，为国家建设积累资金，培养人才和供应设备，并且供应人民的需要。但是我国原有的工业究竟是非常落后的、零散的、不平衡的，因此，为了实现我国的工业化，就必须主要地依靠新的工业特别是重工业的建设。

我国在第一个五年计划期间新建和改建的重大工业建设项目约有六百个，大家所知道的苏联协助我国建设的一百四十一个项目就是其中的骨干。在这些项目中，有现代化的钢铁联合企业、有色冶金企业、煤矿企业、石油企业、各类重型机器制造厂、汽车制造厂、拖拉机制造厂、飞机制造厂、电力站、化学工厂等。这些建设项目的完成将使我国的工业生产水平和技术水平大大地提高一步，使我们可以自己生产冶金设备、发电设备、采油设备、锻压设备，自己生产汽车、火车头、拖拉机、飞机，并且将使我们有新的工业区域和工业基地，使我国目前工业分布上的不合理状态开始发生变化。这些项目的大部分将在一九五八年完成，少数需要将近十年的时间才能完成。一九五三年全国完成的工业基本建设投资总额比较一九五二年增加了百分之九十六，一九五四年计划的工业基本建设投资总额又比一九五三年增加百分之二十八。一九五四年新建、改建和续建的重大工业建设项目共有三百个，预计在本年内可以有五十一个重大项目完成建设。在苏联协助我国建设的一百四十一个项目中，已全部或者部分完工并投入生产的有十七项，包括鞍山钢铁公司的大型轧钢厂、无缝钢管厂、薄板厂，阜新的海州露天煤矿等；正在施工的有三十四项；其余都正在设计，不久就可以开始施工。

根据上述的情况，我们可以看出：中华人民共和国宪法关于逐步完成社会主义工业化的规定，关于用经济计划指导国民经济的发展和改造、使生产力不断提高的规定，关于优先发展国营经济、鼓励和指导资本主义经济转变为国家资本主义经济的规定，并不是空谈，而是我们正在实现着的活生生的事实。全国的劳动人民正在中国共产党和人民政府的领导下英勇奋斗，迅速地改变着我们的祖国的面貌。我们一定可以经过几个五年计划，把中国建设成为一个强大的社会主义的现代化的工业国家。

有计划的工业生产和工业建设对于我们是一个完全新的课题，我们必须一面工作，一面学习。从最近

几年的事实看来，我们的工作和学习是有进步的。我们的工业管理的水平正在逐步提高。各工业部门在实行计划管理、建立责任制度、改进技术领导、扩大地质勘探力量和基本建设力量等方面都得到了许多成绩和经验。广大的职工群众开展了蓬蓬勃勃的增产节约运动和劳动竞赛运动，在技术上也有了不少的发明和创造。依靠管理人员和职工群众的共同努力，一九五三年国营和公私合营工业工人的劳动生产率比一九五二年增长了百分之十三，同年中央五个工业部的产品成本比一九五二年平均降低了百分之三点二。

但是我们没有任何理由可以自满。我们既然是在开始学习，必然要遇到许多困难，而且已经遇到不少困难。我们还必须克服许多工作上的缺点。我们的年度计划并不是都完成了。例如一九五三年中央六个工业部的基本建设计划就只完成了百分之九十四点三。水力涡轮、原盐和糖的生产计划没有完成。没有完成计划的建设单位和生产企业更多。例如根据重工业部的检查，重工业部一九五三年总的产值计划是超额完成了，但是它所属的生产企业却有百分之二十五没有完成计划；并且，如果从生产总值、成本、利润、劳动生产率四种指标来检查，全面完成四种计划的企业只占企业总数的百分之三十。此外，有些企业的计划定得过于保守，很容易超额完成，失掉了指导生产的意义。最突出的如沈阳染料厂一九五三年竟完成了利润计划的百分之五百以上。这些严重的情形在其他的工业部也同样存在，有的甚至更严重。我们必须用极大的努力来改变这些情形。

目前工业方面的重要问题之一是计划性不足。我们现在还有许多计划不够准确，不够完整，常常互相脱节，并且常常变动。很明显，这里有很多客观的困难不容易在短时期内克服。但是毕竟有不少供应、生产、销售之间的不平衡，不少产品的品种、规格的不合需要，不少建设工作中的勘探、设计、施工的不能衔接，不少交通运输、工业城市规划和工业建设的不相配合，是由于主观努力的不足和工作中的错误而来的。这方面的状况必须尽可能改善，以减少国家的损失。各个企业、各个主管部门和国家的计划统计机关必须系统地全面地研究生产和需要的情况，研究建设工作中各个环节的情况，进行反复的周密的平衡和计算，加强各有关部门相互的配合和协作，并充分地吸收广大的职工群众的意见。只有这样，才能正确地规定各种指标，订出先进的确实的计划。在执行计划的过程中，还必须进行深入检查，及时地发现和解决工作中的问题，以保证国家计划的全面的完成。

工业方面另一个重要的问题是由于许多部门和企业不重视节约资金、不重视管理财务成本而形成的巨大的浪费。人民日报最近发表过太原热电站建设工程中的浪费情况，就是一个惊人的例子。这个工程因为盲目采购材料而积压资金一百四十四亿余元，因为没有及时向国家申请调拨物资损失二十五亿七千多万元，因为材料使用的浪费损失十八亿余元，因为劳动效率过低损失二十三亿五千多万元，因为工地临时建筑标准过高浪费二十三亿元，而因为工地物资散失和购置家具的浪费所造成的损失还不在内。这种情形在目前的基本建设工程中还远不是少数。不少的基本建设工程还没有规定适当的建设标准，而不少城市、机关、学校、企业又常常进行一些不急需的或者过于豪华的建筑，任意耗费国家有限的资金。许多工业企业在生产中由于管理机构庞大、管理不善、原材料使用不当、劳动组织不好、劳动纪律松懈、产品质量低劣、对生产安全注意不够等项原因也造成国家的浩大损失。按一九五四年的计划指标计算，单是中央的六个工业部加上地质、建筑工程、铁道、交通、邮电、林业六个部，只要降低基本建设的建筑安装成本的百分之一，就可以每年为国家节约二千八百亿元；中央和地方的国营工业的生产成本只要降低百分之一，就可以每年为国家节约八千四百亿元；中央和地方的国营工业的劳动生产率只要提高百分之一，就可以每年为国家增产一万六千亿元。因此，为了增加国家资金的积累，为了消灭浪费，一切国营企业和建设单位必须全面地完成和争取超额完成国家的计划，贯彻经济核算制，建立严格的节约制度，力求降低成本。

技术力量的不足和技术管理的不善，也是工业方面的重要问题。没有现代化的技术，就没有现代化的工业。我国工业中原有的技术力量很弱，我们现有的高等学校所能培养出来的技术干部，在数量上、门类上和质量上都还不能在短时期内满足工业和基本建设的需要。在这个情况下必须更加合理地有效地使用和

1979政府工作报告英汉篇三

2015政府工作报告——英汉对照 (1)

注意事项

此报告以本次大会最后审议通过并由新华社公布的文本为准。

The official version of this report will be released by Xinhua News Agency.

政府工作报告

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

——2015 年 3 月 5 日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第三次会议上

Delivered at the Third Session of the 12th National People's Congress on March 5, 2015

国务院总理李克强

Li Keqiang

Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies,

现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval, and I invite comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、 2014 年工作回顾

I. A Review of the Work in 2014

过去一年，我国发展面临的国际国内环境复杂严峻。全球经济复苏艰难曲折，主要经济体走势分化。国内经济下行压力持续加大，多重困难和挑战相互交织。在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央坚强领导下，全国各族人民万众一心，克难攻坚，完成了全年经济社会发展主要目标任务，全面深化改革实现良好开局，全面推进依法治国开启新征程，全面建成小康社会又迈出坚实步伐。

Over the past year, the international and domestic environments faced by China in its development have been complicated and challenging. The road to global economic recovery has been rough, with many ups and downs, and the performance of the major economies has been divergent Downward pressure on China's economy has continued to mount, and we have faced an array of interwoven difficulties and challenges.

However, under the firm leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, all our people have worked together as one, surmounted difficulties, and accomplished the year's main targets for economic and social development, thereby ensuring that we got off to a good start in comprehensively deepening reform, embarked on a new journey to fully advance the law-based governance of China, and again made

solid progress in our endeavor to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

一年来，我国经济社会发展总体平稳，稳中有进。“稳”的主要标志是，经济运行处于合理区间。增速稳，国内生产总值达到 63. 6 万亿元，比上年增长 7.4%，在世界主要经济体中名列前茅。就业稳，城镇新增就业1322 万人，高于上年。价格稳，居民消费价格上涨 2%。“进”的总体特征是，发展的协调性和可持续性增强。经济结构有新的优化，粮食产量达到

1. 21 万亿斤，消费对经济增长的贡献率上升3 个百分点，达到51. 2%，服务业增加值比重由 46.9%提高到 48.2% ，新产业、新业态、新商业模式不断涌现。中西部地区经济增速快于东部地区。发展质量有新的提升，一般公共预算收入增长 8.6%，研究与试验发展经费支出与国内生产总值之比超过 2%，能耗强度下降 4.8%，是近年来最大降幅。人民生活有新的改善，全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长 8%，快于经济增长；农村居民人均可支配收入实际增长 9.2%，快于城镇居民收入增长；农村贫困人口减少 1232万人；6600 多万农村人口饮水安全问题得到解决;出境旅游超过 1 亿人次。改革开放有新的突破，全面深化改革系列重点任务启动实施，本届政府减少 1/3 行政审批事项的目标提前实现。

During the past year, China has, overall, achieved a stable performance while at the same time securing progress in its economic and social development. The main indication of this stable performance is that the economy operated within an appropriate range.

■ The growth rate was steady China's GDP reached 63.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.4% over the previous year, making China one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world.

■ Employment remained robust, with 13.22 million new urban jobs created, which is higher than the figure for the previous year.

■ Prices were stable, with the CPI rising by 2%.

■ The underlying feature demonstrating progress is that our development is becoming better coordinated and more sustainable.

■ The economic structure was upgraded. Grain output reached 605 million metric tons; the contribution of consumption toward economic growth rose by three percentage points to 51.2%; the value added of the service sector increased from 46.9% to 48.2% of the GDP; and there was a constant stream of new industries, new types of business, and new business models. The central and western regions grew faster in economic terms than the eastern region.

■ The quality of development was raised. Revenue in the general public budgets grew by 8.6%. Research and development spending accounted for more than 2% of the GDP. Energy intensity was cut by 4.8%, the biggest reduction made in recent years.

■ People's lives were improved. Per capita disposable personal income increased by 8% in real terms nationwide, growing faster than the economy, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents grew by 9.2%), outpacing that of those living in urban areas. In rural areas, the number of people living in poverty was reduced by 12.32 million, and over 66 million more people gained access to safe drinking water. The number of outbound trips made by Chinese tourists exceeded 100

million.

■ New breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up. A series of key tasks for comprehensively deepening reform were launched, and the goal of the current administration to cut the number of items that require government review by one third was achieved ahead of schedule.

这份成绩单的确来之不易，它凝聚着全国各族人民的心血和汗水，坚定了我们奋勇前行的决心和信心。

These achievements have not come easily. They have been made possible by the painstaking efforts and hard work of all our people, and they have strengthened our resolve and confidence to keep pushing ahead.

过去一年，困难和挑战比预想的大。我们迎难而上，主要做了以下工作。

Over the past year, we have faced more difficulties and challenges than anticipated. We have risen to the challenge and accomplished the following in our work.

一是在区间调控基础上实施定向调控，保持经济稳定增长。面对经济下行压力加大态势，我们保持战略定力，稳定宏观经济政策，没有采取短期强刺激措施，而是继续创新宏观调控思路和方式，实行定向调控，激活力、补短板、强实体。把握经济运行合理区间的上下限，抓住发展中的突出矛盾和结构性问题，定向施策，聚焦靶心，精准发力。向促改革要动力，向调结构要助力，向惠民生要潜力，既扩大市场需求，又增加有效供给，努力做到结构调优而不失速。

First, on the basis of range-based macro regulation, m exercised targeted regulation to keep the economy growing steadily.

In the face of mounting downward economic pressure, we maintained strategic focus and kept our macroeconomic policy unchanged. Instead of using short-term stimulus measures, we continued to develop new ideas and methods for macro regulation. We exercised targeted regulation, stimulated market activity, shored up our weak spots, and boosted the real economy. With a keen understanding of the appropriate range within which the economy needs to be operating, we adopted targeted steps to address the serious issues and structural problems hindering development. We promoted reform to gain impetus for development, made structural adjustments to produce support for development, and improved living standards to increase the potential for development. We both expanded market demand and increased effective supply, working to ensure that structural adjustments were made without compromising the growth rate.

有效实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。实行定向减税和普遍性降费，拓宽小微企业税收优惠政策范围，扩大"营改增"试点。加快财政支出进度，积极盘活存量资金。灵活运用货币政策工具，采取定向降准、定向再贷款、非对称降息等措施，加大对经济社会发展薄弱环节的支持力度，小微企业、"三农"贷款增速比各项贷款平均增速分别高 4.2 和 O. 7 个百分点。同时，完善金融监管，坚决守住不发生区域性系统性风险的底线。

We have been effectively implementing proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy. We increased targeted tax reductions, reduced fees across the board, extended the coverage of tax relief policies to benefit more small and micro businesses, and expanded the trials to replace business tax with VAT to cover more industries. We sped up the process of making budgetary funds available for fiscal expenditures and put surplus budgetary funds to good use. By flexibly utilizing monetary policy instruments, making targeted cuts to required reserve ratios, carrying out targeted re-lending, and making asymmetric interest rate cuts, we stepped up support for weaker areas in economic and social development. Increases in loans made to small and micro businesses, and loans for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, outdid the average increase in loans overall by 4.2 and 0.7 percentage points respectively. At the same time, regulation of the financial sector was improved and regional and systemic risks were forestalled.

二是深化改革开放，激发经济社会发展活力。针对束缚发展的体制机制障碍，我们通过全面深化改革，以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力，啃了不少硬骨头，经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明等体制改革全面推进。

Second we deepened reform and opening up and invigorated economic and social development. To address obstructions holding back development caused by certain systems and mechanisms, we comprehensively deepened reform, invigorating the market to offset downward economic pressure. We tackled many tough issues and carried out structural reforms in the economic, political, cultural, societal, and ecological sectors.

扎实推动重点改革。制定并实施深化财税体制改革总体方案，预算管理制度和税制改革取得重要进展，专项转移支付项目比上年减少 1/3 以上，一般性转移支付比重增加，地方政府性债务管理得到加强。存款利率和汇率浮动区间扩大，民营银行试点迈出新步伐，“沪港通”试点启动，外汇储备、保险资金运用范围拓展。能源、交通、环保、通信等领域价格改革加快。启动科技资金管理、考试招生、户籍、机关事业单位养老保险制度等改革。

We have made solid progress in key reforms. We formulated and implemented a coordinated plan for deepening the reform of the fiscal and tax: systems. Important progress was made in the reform of the budgetary management and tax systems. The number of items receiving special transfer payments was over one third less than that of the previous year, and the proportion of transfer payments for general purposes was increased. Management of local government debt was strengthened. The floating ranges of interest rates on deposits and exchange rates were expanded. New steps were taken in the trials to establish private banks. The Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect was launched on a trial basis. The scope for using foreign exchange reserves and insurance funds was broadened. Price reforms in energy, transport, environmental protection, and communications were accelerated. We launched reforms to the system for managing research and development funding, the school examination and enrollment systems, the household registration system, and the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public

institutions.

继续把简政放权、放管结合作为改革的重头戏。国务院各部门全年取消和下放 246 项行政审批事项，取消评比达标表彰项目29 项、职业资格许可和认定事项 149 项，再次修订投资项目核准目录，大幅缩减核准范围。着力改革商事制度，新登记注册市场主体达到 1293 万户，其中新登记注册企业增长 45. 9 % 形成新的创业热潮。经济增速放缓，新增就业不降反增，显示了改革的巨大威力和市场的无限潜力。

We have continued to give the central stage in reform to streamlining administration arid delegating more powers to lower-level governments and to society in general while improving regulation. Over the course of the year, departments under the State Council cancelled