中韩动物谚语对比研究——以马和狗的谚语为例

中韩动物谚语对比研究——以马和狗的谚语为例篇一

毕业论文：英汉动物谚语的对比研究

A Comparative Study of English and

Chinese Animal

Proverbs

I. Introduction

In Longman Modern English Dictionary, proverb is “a brief familiar maxim of folk wisdom, usually compressed in form, often involving a bold image and frequently a jingle that catches the memory.” A proverb, which succinctly sums up human experience and observation of the world, states a general truth and gives advice or warning. A proverb, often involving a bold image, musical rhythm and compressed form, can bring vividness to the readers and so they are easy to remember and spread. Proverbs are summing up of folk wisdom, they are usually pithy, and have universal appeals. People love to pick up proverbs when they try to reason things out and the proper use of proverbs can make their views more convincing. Proverbs are the crystal of the national wisdom. They are an important part of a national language and they appropriately reflect the relation between culture and language. They have been connected closely with the national characteristics ever since their coming into being and in their development. It is generally acknowledged that different peoples have great differences in their cultures. But since different peoples live on the same earth with roughly similar needs and some of them have even experienced similar social development stage, their experiences, emotional reflection and observation of the world are in many aspects similar. This shows that different peoples may have cultural generality besides cultural difference. Proverbs, as the cream of a language, inevitably carry the imprint of cultural difference and generality. The difference and generality respectively lead to the dissimilarities and similarities between English and Chinese animal proverbs and making a comparative study of them is of great significance.

II. Animals Proverbs with Identical Meanings

Some animal proverbs in English and Chinese are identical in meaning. The proverbs in this category are limited in number. They are the result of either coincidence or translation loans from one language to another. These proverbs are not hindered by national boundaries or culture barriers, instead they have take on universal significance. The following are some examples.

1. English: An ass is known by his ears. / Chinese: 见耳识驴，听话知愚。

2. English: It is a sad house where the hen crows louder than the cock.

Chinese: 牝鸡司晨，家之不详。

Many factors have contributed to the emergence of fully corresponding pairs in English and Chinese proverbs.

Firstly, although different nations live in varied natural environments and diversified geographic conditions, they still share quite a lot in common. They have more or less the same species of animals. And the common ground of human cultures is larger than the individual feature of each culture. Although, people’s concrete ways of life are varied in different places, the fundamental ways of living and thinking are the same for the whole human race.

Secondly, owing to culture exchange, translation loans are borrowed from each other, which are not limited to the root ideas but sometimes include the “clothing of the idea”. As a result, some proverbs with identical animal image come into existence in different language, for instance, “He who rides a tiger is afraid to dismount” and “骑虎难下”.

III. Animal Images with Different Meanings in Proverbs

Some English and Chinese proverbs share the same images, and people take it for granted that they should have the same connotation, but actually, they contain different or even opposite meanings. For example, “It is a good horse that never stumbles.” and “好马不失蹄”.

In this example, the English proverb “It’s a good horse that never stumbles”, is easy to be translated into Chinese “好马不失蹄”. In fact, the English proverb means even a good horse will stumble, so the right translation should be “好马也有失蹄时”. In the following part, the reasons for misunderstandings and the different choice of animal images will be clarified.

A. Reasons for misunderstandings

Firstly, sometimes, the old use of grammar remains in the proverbs, and it may mislead our comprehension. The preservation of the old grammatical structure “it’s...that...” is similar to the modern structure in form, but opposite in meaning. The misunderstanding of the English proverb “It’s a good horse that never stumbles” as Chinese proverb “好马不失蹄” is due to this old grammatical structure.

Secondly, when people hold different views and attitudes to animals, and their different worldviews toward the same situations, the same animal images may have different or even opposite meanings in different culture, and proverbs containing the same animal images will possibly have different meanings. The seemingly corresponding English and Chinese proverbs may have different connotations. For example: “Dog eats dog” and “狗咬狗”. “Dog eats dog” is always regarded as “狗咬狗”. But actually “Dog eats dog” refers to the phenomenon that people hurt those of the same group, while “狗咬狗” means bad people fight with bad people, so the two proverbs mean differently.

B. Factors influencing the choice of animal images in proverbs

The languages have some universality, but more importantly, they have their own culturally specific features. The culturally specific features are closely related to their religion, special geography, literature and psychology.

1. Different religious beliefs

Different nations usually believe in different religion. Thus proverbs of diverse nations surely express various religious beliefs. In the west, Britain and America are Christian countries with a long history. And Christian as the main belief of them has already taken roots in their lives for ages. Christians believe in the God. The God is the unique and supreme god, while people are born with a sin, and are the same and equal in the face of the God, so the common people respect and worship the God, but disregard the majesty. “A cat may look at a king” reflects this kind of thought.

Furthermore, there are some animals endowed with different religious meanings. In Christianity the serpent is the symbol of devil and Satan, while the lamb is the symbol of the God’s people and timidity, and the dragon is the symbol of evil and danger. Serpent enticed Eve to steal fruit of Tree of conscience and she then shared with Adam. In the end they two were kicked out of the Garden of Eden. So in English proverbs, snake has a meaning of cunning.

In China, Buddhism has been spread over one thousand years, and the Buddhist culture has been melt into the daily life of the Chinese for a long time. As a result, it is very common that quite a number of Chinese believe in Buddhism. Some Chinese proverbs are about Buddhism. There are proverbs about the strict social classes and roles. Here are some examples.

狗肉烧酒穿肠过，佛在心中留。(Buddha in heart, wine and meat will pass through intestines.)

狗咬吕洞宾，不识好人心。(Don’t snap and snarl at me when I’m trying to do my best for you.){中韩动物谚语对比研究——以马和狗的谚语为例}.

2. Different geographic conditions

Geographically England is located in the Western Hemisphere, while China lies in the Eastern Hemisphere, thus England and China have different climate. They form different living styles. England is an island country, so most Englishman make livings by fishery or navigation. Chinese formed their living style----farming and stock rising. Therefore, there are a great many different proverbs.

Firstly, there are some animal proverbs about the special climate in England. If the cock crows on going to bed, he’s sure to rise with a watery head. (公鸡傍晚叫，早晨有雨到。)

March comes in with adder heads, and goes out with peacock tails. (三月来如猛狮，去如羔羊。)

Furthermore, fishery and navigation are of great importance to English people and it is no wonder that plenty of English proverbs are on fishery or navigation, and a lot on fishes. But in China, the fish does not carry so many national meanings. The following are some English fish proverbs.

All is fish that comes to his net. (进网都是鱼。)

Fish begins to stink at the head. (鱼烂头先臭。)

3. Different literary backgrounds

Different nations have different literature, which makes up particular cultural backgrounds of proverbs. On the basis of this, a great many proverbs are often simple in structure but deep in meaning. In order to grasp and translate their deep meanings accurately, we must be clear about the literature. In Chinese there are a lot of animal proverbs originated from various classical works, such as: 二者不可兼得，舍鱼而取熊掌.

中韩动物谚语对比研究——以马和狗的谚语为例篇二

英汉动物谚语的对比研究{中韩动物谚语对比研究——以马和狗的谚语为例}.

英汉动物谚语的对比研究

A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Idioms{中韩动物谚语对比研究——以马和狗的谚语为例}.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to a number of teachers and friends at the Foreign Language School for their help and encouragement in the writing of this thesis.

Special thanks should go to Mr. Liu Chao, my respected supervisor, who gave me so much constructive instruction and insightful guidance throughout my research work. With great care, he read the whole manuscript and offered much invaluable criticism. His great help makes this thesis a better one than it would otherwise have been.

I am also indebted to my affectionate parents, and the rest of my family. Throughout the development of this paper, they have been there always giving me continuous support, encouragement and understanding. Their love and support encourage me to pursue progress all the time.

Abstract

Culture study has been a heated subject; hence many scholars focus their attention on the field of intercultural study. Idioms are a very important part of Chinese and English languages, and Chinese and English languages abound with animal idioms, which reflect respective culture. The thesis attempts to make an intercultural study of animal idioms to track down the similarities and differences in cultural aspects and cultural features expressed in animal idioms. In short, in exploring the essence of culture, animal idioms shining with cultural flavor and cultural connotations will contribute to the understanding of different cultures, it also can promote the communication between Chinese and Western culture.

Key words: Chinese and English animal idioms; associated meanings; Cultural connotations ; translation

摘 要

在文化研究成为热门话题的今天，许多学者把视角锁定在跨文化领域。谚语是汉英语言及文化的重要构成部分之一。其中动物谚语能最丰富地体现汉英语言文化,本文从跨文化角度入手，对含有动物形象的汉英谚语进行对比研究，透过文化底蕴、联想意义以及翻译方法三个层面研究汉英动物谚语，着眼于动物习语反映出的中西文化相似与差异之处。总的来说，研究文化以及这些谚语所反映的文化内涵可以加深人们对两种不同文化的理解，促进中西文化的交流。

关键词: 汉英动物谚语；联想意义；文化底蕴；翻译

Contents

Introduction……………………………………………………………..1 I. Different Cultural Backgrounds between Chinese and English

Animal Idioms……………………………………………………..2

1.1 The Concept of Animal Idioms..........................................................2

1.2 Cultural Connotations………………………………………………2 II. Unique Animal Idioms in Chinese and English………………9

2.1 Unique Animal Idioms in Chinese………………………………….9

2.2 Unique Animal Idioms in English…………………………………10 III. The Translation of English and Chinese Idioms……………11

3.1 Suggested Ways of Translation…………………………………….11 Conclusion …………………………………………………………….17 Bibliography………………………………………………………18{中韩动物谚语对比研究——以马和狗的谚语为例}.

Introduction

Language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it. Meanwhile, language is also a cultural carrier and serves as the principal means to cross-cultural communication. As a particular part of language, idioms are no exception indicating the distinctive features of a culture. Idioms are small pieces of human wisdom that have been handed down from generations. They express ideas in short and recognizable sentences. What might have taken an entire paragraph to explain is expressed metaphorically in these idioms, which contain in a nutshell the philosophy of the common people. Idioms also embody a concentrated reflection of various rhetorical means and serve as a mirror of the historical and cultural conceptions of a social community.

Idioms are existent in various people’s languages and in circulation by formulaic phrases in spoken language as what comprehensively transmits experiences and lessons for a struggle in existence. Different people share with each other such features as idiomatic forms and contents, because they share practical experiences and wisdom for human beings in order to survive. Idioms are nevertheless rooted in the soil on which the people live and are realized as formulaic phrases in its language system. Therefore the character of the people is clearly branded in its idioms. By comparing idioms of different people with each other, we can find that

中韩动物谚语对比研究——以马和狗的谚语为例篇三

从谚语看中日的文化特征—以马、鱼、猫为例

吉林华桥外国语学院

本科毕业论文

（2004级）

姓 名： 周巍 学 号： 0601040430 院 系： 日语系 专 业： 日语

指导教师： 李永夏

二〇〇八年六月

諺から見る中日の文化の特徴

———馬、魚、猫を例として

从谚语看中日的文化特征

——以马、鱼、猫为例

姓 名： 周巍 学 部： 日語学部 専 攻： 日本語 指导教师： 李永夏

吉林華橋外国語学院

Jilin Huaqiao Foreign Languages Institute

要 旨

言語は民族が形成する前に形成するのであり、その民族文化の一部分をなしている。逆に民族文化はその言語表現の中に反映することができる。言語表現は豊かであるが、慣用句はその中で無視できない重要な地位を占めている。諺は民間語用芸術から咲いた山花であり、経験によって凝り固まった民族の知恵の結晶である。そのため、諺は日常生活の中でよく使われている。

人間は家畜と一緒に生活した歴史が長く、各民族から動物に対する好き嫌いなどいろいろなイメージが生まれた。そのイメージは諺に入れられ、特定の物事とか思想を表すようになっている。

本稿では中日両国の慣用語の中で動物に関するの諺に対して初歩的な帰納と整理を行い、中日言語の動物に関する諺によく使われる三種類の動物を選んで、そのイメージに対する分析を通し、整理し、中日の文化の特徴を明らかにする。文章の段落は以下のように分ける。

第一部分は諺についての知識を紹介した。そして、論文を書く目的を明確にした。 第二部分は本稿の重点で、二つの部分に分ける。一つは文化の特徴と分析である。中日両国言語の馬、魚、猫３種類の動物に関する諺に対して分析と研究を行い、文化の特徴の上での相違点を探した。もう一つは動物諺の文化の背景である。中日の動物慣用句に良く使われる１２種類の動物の数量について調査し、中日の異同の生活環境が反応した文化の特徴の不一致を分析した。

キーワード: 諺 馬 魚 猫 文化特徴{中韩动物谚语对比研究——以马和狗的谚语为例}.

摘 要

语言是民族形成前的产物，也是民族文化中的一部分。反过来，民族文化也是在语言表现中体现出来的。语言有丰富的表现，其中惯用语占着不可忽视的重要地位。谚语是民族语言长期发展的产物，它是民族心理意识的结晶。为此，谚语在日常生活中经常被使用。

人类与家畜生活在一起拥有着悠久的历史，各个民族对动物也产生了好恶等种种印象。把这种印象融入到谚语中就表示了特定的事物、思想等。

本文对中日两国中有关动物的谚语进行了初步的归纳与整理，选出中日两国的谚语中经常被使用的马、鱼、猫三种动物，通过对中日两国对这三种动物的印象的分析以及对常被使用在谚语中的12种动物的使用数量进行调查、归纳与整理，明确中日文化的特征。文章的段落章节安排如下：

第一部分介绍了谚语的相关知识，明确了论文的写作目的。

第二部分是本文的重点。分为两部分，一是文化的特征与分析。通过对中日马、鱼、猫三种动物相关的惯用句进行了分析与研究，找出中日两国在文化特征上的不同点。二是动物谚语的文化背景。通过对中日惯用句中常用的12种动物的数据的调查，体现了中日生活环境的不同所反应的文化特征的不同。

关键词：谚语；马；鱼；猫；文化特征

目 次

要旨................................................................................................................Ⅰ 摘要................................................................................................................Ⅱ 目次................................................................................................................Ⅲ Ⅰ 序論.............................................................................................................1 Ⅱ 本論.............................................................................................................1 2.1 馬、魚、猫の諺の文化の特徴.......................................................................1 2.1.1 馬について.........................................................................................2 2.1.2 魚について.........................................................................................2 2.1.3 猫について.........................................................................................4 2.1.3.1中国語における猫に関することわざの意味による「猫」のイメージ.............4 2.1.3.2日本語における猫に関することわざの意味による「猫」のイメージ.............4 2.2 動物諺の文化の背景................................................................................4 Ⅲ 結論.............................................................................................................5 参考文献...........................................................................................................6

中韩动物谚语对比研究——以马和狗的谚语为例篇四

05-毕业论文审批表：英汉动物谚语的对比研究

江苏技术师范学院毕业论文选题审批表

中韩动物谚语对比研究——以马和狗的谚语为例篇五

由动物谚语看中日文化差异的差异

龙源期刊网 .cn

由动物谚语看中日文化差异的差异

作者：荣桂艳

来源：《科教导刊·电子版》2015年第15期

摘 要 谚语是人民大众生活经验的积累与总结，是集体智慧的结晶。文化是一种历史现象，它是社会历史的积淀物，语言就象一面镜子，反映了该国的文化，由于中日两国所处的地理位置，自然环境，历史条件不同，在谚语中使用的动物也不同，它体现了中日两国不同的文化差异。

关键词 动物 谚语 中日文化差异 映射

1引言

谚语是人们根据自己长期的生活经验创造出来的，并经过大众传诵，锤炼，完善而流传于世的，是集体智慧的结晶，是语言文化宝库中的瑰宝。自古以来中日两国有着密切的文化交流，在悠久的交流历史中，很多中国文化流传到日本，谚语也作为中国文化的精髓随之流传到了日本。因此，中日两国有很多相同、相似的谚语。但由于两国的社会环境，风土人情等不同，许多谚语在表达方式上也有所不同。日本特有的文化也孕育出了很多独自的谚语，这样日本又有自己不同的谚语。汉语和日语中都存在着大量与动物有关的谚语，它们是人类文化的全景速写，可以从中看出该国的历史、传统、风土、人情等。笔者从中日两国谚语中挑选出一些相同或相似的有关动物的谚语来比较和分析各自的意义及表达方式，从中分析出中日两国的文化差异。

2中日谚语中动物的使用偏好

这里的使用偏好，指的是在不同的民族文化圈中，通过动物来表达生活经验、事物道理时在谚语中的具体使用情况。

2.1 虎

在中国虎一向是猛兽的代表，被奉为百兽之王，“虎”常被描述成“壮哉于兔豪且雄，猛气不与凡兽同。吞牛伏豹爪牙利，空谷一啸来天风”的“虎大王”。自古以来，有关虎的成语，谚语就一直丰富着人们的语言生活，在中国谚语中，虎常和狼连用，两者都是凶狠，残暴的形象，用作比喻强大，凶恶的势力。如“蜂蚁也有君臣，虎狼也有父子”。“人可以和虎狼搏斗，却无法和苍蝇争吵。”还有“前怕狼，后怕虎，一事无成白辛苦”。而在日语谚语中，虎常和鼠连用，虎作为威猛强大，鼠作为胆小无力的形象代表，两者常作为强弱势力的对比双方在谚语中出现。举例如下：

（1）虎鼠となる // 虎沦为鼠 虎落平阳。